Torsades de Pointes

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Transcutaneous PacingStep-by-step setup, capture & troubleshooting
TC Pacing — Quick Steps
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  1. Apply pads anterior–posterior; attach ECG leads from the pacer/monitor.
  2. Pre-medicate for discomfort: midazolam ± fentanyl if BP allows.
  3. Set mode Demand (synchronous), rate 60–80/min.
  4. Increase output (mA) by 5–10 until electrical capture (wide QRS after each spike).
  5. Confirm mechanical capture: palpate femoral/right brachial pulse (not carotid).
  6. Set final output ~10 mA above threshold; reassess BP, perfusion, mentation.
  7. Bridge to transvenous pacing or treat underlying cause.
ANTERIORANTPOSTERIORPOSTSandwich the heart between pads
A–P pad placement

Rhythm strip

Twisting amplitude around baselinePolymorphic QRSLong QT background
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Tap a label on the strip to highlight the matching feature below.

  • QRS amplitude twists around baseline
  • Polymorphic VT morphology
  • Preceding long QT on baseline ECG
Recognition
  • Polymorphic VT with QRS amplitude 'twisting' around baseline
  • Preceding long QT on baseline ECG
  • Often initiated by R-on-T PVC after a long-short cycle
Causes / triggers
  • Drugs: methadone, ondansetron, haloperidol, azithromycin, fluoroquinolones, antiarrhythmics (Ia/III)
  • Electrolyte: ↓ K, ↓ Mg, ↓ Ca
  • Bradycardia, congenital long QT, hypothermia, ↑ ICP
Management
Acute
  • 2 g IV over 1–2 min (repeat as needed) — first line even if Mg normal
  • (UNsynchronized) if pulseless or sustained unstable
  • 100–120 bpm, OR isoproterenol 2–10 mcg/min, to shorten QT and prevent recurrence

Educational reference only. Always follow current ACLS guidelines and institutional protocols.